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a。addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
// Add a collection starting at location 3:
a。addAll(3; fill(new ArrayList()));
b = a。contains(〃1〃); // Is it in there?
// Is the entire collection in there?
b = a。containsAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
// Lists allow random access; which is cheap
// for ArrayList; expensive for LinkedList:
o = a。get(1); // Get object at location 1
i = a。indexOf(〃1〃); // Tell index of object
// indexOf; starting search at location 2:
i = a。indexOf(〃1〃; 2);
b = a。isEmpty(); // Any elements inside?
it = a。iterator(); // Ordinary Iterator
lit = a。listIterator(); // ListIterator
lit = a。listIterator(3); // Start at loc 3
i = a。lastIndexOf(〃1〃); // Last match
i = a。lastIndexOf(〃1〃; 2); // 。。。after loc 2
a。remove(1); // Remove location 1
a。remove(〃3〃); // Remove this object
a。set(1; 〃y〃); // Set location 1 to 〃y〃
// Keep everything that's in the argument
// (the intersection of the two sets):
a。retainAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
// Remove elements in this range:
a。removeRange(0; 2);
// Remove everything that's in the argument:
a。removeAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
i = a。size(); // How big is it?
a。clear(); // Remove all elements
}
public static void iterMotion(List a) {
ListIterator it = a。listIterator();
b = it。hasNext();
b = it。hasPrevious();
o = it。next();
i = it。nextIndex();
o = it。previous();
i = it。previousIndex();
}
public static void iterManipulation(List a) {
ListIterator it = a。listIterator();
it。add(〃47〃);
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// Must move to an element after add():
it。next();
// Remove the element that was just produced:
it。remove();
// Must move to an element after remove():
it。next();
// Change the element that was just produced:
it。set(〃47〃);
}
public static void testVisual(List a) {
print(a);
List b = new ArrayList();
fill(b);
System。out。print(〃b = 〃);
print(b);
a。addAll(b);
a。addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
print(a);
// Shrink the list by removing all the
// elements beyond the first 1/2 of the list
System。out。println(a。size());
System。out。println(a。size()/2);
a。removeRange(a。size()/2; a。size()/2 + 2);
print(a);
// Insert; remove; and replace elements
// using a ListIterator:
ListIterator x = a。listIterator(a。size()/2);
x。add(〃one〃);
print(a);
System。out。println(x。next());
x。remove();
System。out。println(x。next());
x。set(〃47〃);
print(a);
// Traverse the list backwards:
x = a。listIterator(a。size());
while(x。hasPrevious())
System。out。print(x。previous() + 〃 〃);
System。out。println();
System。out。println(〃testVisual finished〃);
}
// There are some things that only
// LinkedLists can do:
public static void testLinkedList() {
LinkedList ll = new LinkedList();
Collection1。fill(ll; 5);
print(ll);
// Treat it like a stack; pushing:
ll。addFirst(〃one〃);
ll。addFirst(〃two〃);
print(ll);
// Like 〃peeking〃 at the top of a stack:
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System。out。println(ll。getFirst());
// Like popping a stack:
System。out。println(ll。removeFirst());
System。out。println(ll。removeFirst());
// Treat it like a queue; pulling elements
// off the tail end:
System。out。println(ll。removeLast());
// With the above operations; it's a dequeue!
print(ll);
}
public static void main(String args'') {
// Make and fill a new list each time:
basicTest(fill(new LinkedList()));
basicTest(fill(new ArrayList()));
iterMotion(fill(new LinkedList()));
iterMotion(fill(new ArrayList()));
iterManipulation(fill(new LinkedList()));
iterManipulation(fill(new ArrayList()));
testVisual(fill(new LinkedList()));
testLinkedList();
}
} ///:~
在basicTest()和 iterMotiion() 中,只是简单地发出调用,以便揭示出正确的语法。而且尽管捕获了返回
值,但是并未使用它。在某些情况下,之所以不捕获返回值,是由于它们没有什么特别的用处。在正式使用
它们前,应仔细研究一下自己的联机文档,掌握这些方法完整、正确的用法。
8。7。3 使用 Sets
Set 拥有与 Collection 完全相同的接口,所以和两种不同的 List 不同,它没有什么额外的功能。相反,Set
完全就是一个Collection,只是具有不同的行为(这是实例和多形性最理想的应用:用于表达不同的行
为)。在这里,一个Set 只允许每个对象存在一个实例(正如大家以后会看到的那样,一个对象的“值”的
构成是相当复杂的)。
S e t Each element that you add to the Set must be unique; otherwise the Set doesn’t
(interface) add the duplicate element。 Objects added to a Set must define e q u a l s ( ) to
establish object uniqueness。 Set has exactly the same interface as Collection。 The
Set interface does not guarantee it will maintain its elements in any particular
order。
H a s h S e t * For Set s where fast lookup time is important。 Objects must also define
h a s h C o d e ( ) 。
T r e e S e t An ordered Set backed by a red…black tree。 This way; you can extract an ordered
sequence from a Set 。
Set (接口) 添加到 Set 的每个元素都必须是独一无二的;否则Set 就不会添加重复的元素。添加到 Set 里