°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¼±¸´ó¸ÉÒ»³¡µÄʱºò¡£°ÍÌØÀÕÓÖ´ø×ÅÈýÌõÒ»ÑùÓÅÖʵÄÀ¶÷¢½ðǹÓã¹ýÈ¥ÁË¡£
È¥ÄêÄê³õʱºò£¬Õâ¼þÊ°ÑÊÖڣТ̫¿ÓµÄÕæÐÄÓеã²Ò¡£Ï²´ú´åÖêʽ»áÉç´ÓÄÇÖ®ºó¾ÍÓеãÒ»õê²»Õñ£¬ÄÇÌõÀ¶÷¢½ðǹÓãËûÅãµÄǮ̫¶àÁË¡£
²»¹ý¡£ÇØʱŸ×ÔÈ»²»ÄÜÏñ¶Ô´ýÊÖڣТ̫ÄÇÑù¶Ô´ýÎÄÉÌØ£¬ËûÓнâ¾ö°ì·¨£¬ÏÈÎʵÀ£º¡°±ð׿±£¬µÙܽÄáÏÈÉú£¬ÎÒÏëÎÊÎÊ£¬ÄãÃÇÕâЩºÚÕäÖé´òËãÔõô´¦Àí£¿¡±
ÎÄÉÌØ˵µÀ£º¡°×ö³ÉÊ×ÊΣ¬´ó¿ÅµÄ×öÍ·ÊΡ¢ÏîÁ´»òÕßÆäËûÊ×ÊΣ¬Ð¡¿ÅµÄ×ö¶ú¶¤¡¢´½ÖéÖ®ÀàµÄÊ×ÊΡ£¡±
ÇØʱŸЦÁËÆðÀ´£¬µÀ£º¡°ËùÒÔ£¬ÄãΪʲôҪ׿±ÄØ£¿ËäÈ»ÎÒÊÖÀﻹÓÐÁ½Ç§¿ÅºÚÕäÖ飬µ«ºÍÄ㲢ûÓгåÍ»¡£ÄãÃǵļƻ®ÊÇ·ÖÉ¢´¦ÀíºÚÕäÖ飬ÎÒÊÇÒª½«ÕâЩºÚÕäÖé×ö³ÉÁ¬Ì×Ê×ÊΣ¬Ã¿Ò»Ì×ʹÓõĺÚÕäÖ飬×îÉÙÒ»°Ù¿Å£¡¡±
ÎÄÉÌØÎʵÀ£º¡°ÄãµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ˵£¬Äã²»´òËã³öÊÛÕâЩºÚÕäÖ飿¡±
ÇØʱŸµãµãÍ·µÀ£º¡°Êǵģ¬¾ÍÊÇÕâ¸öÒâ˼£¬ÎÒ²»»á½«ËüÃdzöÊÛ¸øÄ㣬Ҳ²»»á³öÊÛ¸øÆäËûÉ̵꣬ÎÒÏ£ÍûÄãÃÇÖÆ×÷³öÀàËÆ°µÒ¹Å®»ÊÄÇÑùµÄ¾µäÊ×ÊΣ¬ÎһὫËüÃÇÔÚÅÄÂôµêÀï´¦Àíµô¡£¡±
ÕâÊÇËûµÄµÚÒ»¸öÏë·¨£¬ÊÂʵÉÏËû»¹ÓÐÁíÒ»¸öÏë·¨£¬²»¹ýÏÖÔÚ²»ÄÜ˵³öÀ´£¬µÃ¿´ÎÄÉÌصÄÒâ˼¡£
ÎÄÉÌØÖªµÀÕâЩºÚÕäÖéËù´ú±íµÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬ËûÏëÒªÊÕÈëÄÒÖУ¬¶øÇÒÒÔµÙܽÄáµÄʵÁ¦£¬ÂòÏÂËùÓкÚÕäÖé²ÆÕþÉϲ¢Ã»ÓÐѹÁ¦¡£Ö»ÒªÓµÓг¬¹ýÁ½Ç§¿ÅµÄ¼«Æ·ºÚÕäÖ飬ÄÇËûÈÏΪµÙܽÄáδÀ´Á½Äê²»ÓÃÔٲɹººÚÕäÖé¡£
ÉõÖÁ£¬ËûÃÇÕâÁ½Äê¿ÉÒÔ²»È¥²É¹ºÀ¶×ê¡¢·Û×ê¡¢ôä´äµÈÆäËûÀàÐͳ¬¼¶Ö鱦£¬¾ÍÓÃÕâЩ¼«Æ·ºÚÕäÖéÀ´×öÊг¡£¬×ö¸÷ÖÖºÚÕäÖéרÌ⣬¿Ï¶¨ÄÜÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÈ¡µÃÒ»¶¨³É¹¦¡£
Ö®ËùÒÔÓÐÕâÑùµÄÐÅÐÄ£¬ÊÇÒòΪÎÄÉÌØÖªµÀ£¬ºÚÕäÖéµÄ¼ÛÖµ»¹Ã»ÓÐÍêÈ«ÍÚ¾ò³öÀ´¡£ÒªÖªµÀ½ö½öÔÚÎåÊ®ÄêÇ°£¬ºÚÕäÖ黹ÊÇÒ»Ãû²»ÎĵÄÆÕͨװÊÎÆ·ÄØ£¬Òª²»ÊÇ¡®ºÚÕäÖéÍõ¡¯Èø¶ûÍ߶ࡰ¢Èø¶û£¬¿ÖźÚÕäÖéÈç½ñÒÀȻûÓÐʲô¼ÛÖµ¡£
˵ÆðºÚÕäÖ飬Äǵôӵڶþ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½¸Õ¿ªÊ¼µÄʱºòÁÄ£¬µ±Ê±Òâ´óÀûÓÐһλ´ó×êʯÉÌÈ˽Ð×öղķ˹¡°¢Èø¶û£¬ËûΪÁ˱ÜÄÑ´ÓÅ·ÖÞÌÓÀëµ½Á˹Ű͡£
ÔÚÄÇÀËûÕÒµ½ÁËÒ»ÌõıÉúÖ®µÀ£¬ÄÇ»áÃÀ¾üÐèÒª·ÀË®±í£¬°¢Èø¶ûͨ¹ýËûÔÚÈðÊ¿Ö鱦½çµÄ¹Øϵ¸ãµ½ÁËÒ»´óÅúµÄÓÅÖÊ·ÀË®±í£¬Òò´Ë¶ø´ó׬һ±Ê¡£
¿ÉÊǶþÕ½½áÊøºó£¬ÃÀ¾ü²»ÔÙÂò·ÀË®±íÁË£¬°¢Èø¶ûµÄÉúÒâÒ²×öµ½ÁËÍ·£¬Õâʱºò»¹Ê£Ï¼¸Ç§Ö»ÈðÊ¿±í¿â´æ£¬¶øËû¸ãµ½µÄÈðÊ¿·ÀË®±í¶¼ÊǸߵµ»õ£¬³É±¾¼ÛÒ²ºÜ¸ß£¬Ëû¿É²»ÄÜÔÒÔÚÊÖÀï¡£
È»ºóÊÂÇ鿪ʼ³öÏÖת»ú£¬ÈÕ±¾ÈËÄÇʱÐèÒª±í£¬µ«ÊÇûÓÐÇ®£¬²»¹ýËûÃÇÓеÄÊÇÕäÖ顪¡ªÖ±µ½ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÈÕ±¾Ò²ÊÇÕäÖéÉú²ú´ó¹ú£¬²»¹ýËûÃÇÉú²úµÄÊÇ°×ÕäÖé¡£
²»¾Ã£¬Õ²Ä·Ë¹¡°¢Èø¶ûºÍËû¶ù×Ó¿ªÊ¼×öÒ×»õóÒ×£¬ÓÃÈðÊ¿±í»»ÈÕ±¾ÕäÖé¡£ÉúÒâºÜÐË¡£¬Ã»¶à³¤Ê±¼ä£¬ËûµÄ¶ù×ÓÈø¶ûÍ߶ࡣ°¢Èø¶û£¬¾Í±»ÈËÃdzÆΪ¡°ÕäÖéÍõ¡±¡£
µ«ÄÇʱºò£¬°²Èø¶û¼Ò×å²Ù×ݵÄÒÀÈ»ÊÇ°×ÕäÖéÉúÒ⣬ºÚÕäÖ黹ÊǺڲ»ÁïÆ÷µÄÁðÁ§Çò£¬×ª»úÖ®ºó³öÏÖ¡£
1644¡£Èë¹ÉµÛ¹ú
1973ÄêÓÐÒ»Ì죬¡°ÕäÖéÍõ¡±µÄÓÎͧͣ¿¿ÔÚ·¨¹úÊ¥¨CÌØÂÞÅ壬һλÃû½ÐÈá¿ËÂåµÂ¡²¼Â³Ò®µÄ·¨¹úС»ï×Ó´ÓÁÚ½üÓÎͧÉϹýÀ´°Ý·Ã¡£
²¼Â³Ò®µ±Ê±¸ÕÂôµôÁËËûµÄ¿ÕÔ˹«Ë¾£¬ÓÃÕâ±ÊÇ®ÔÚ·¨Êô²¨ÀûÄáÎ÷ÑÇÂòÏÂÁËÒ»×ùСµº£¬ÄÇÀïɺº÷½¸»·ÈÆ×ÅεÀ¶º£Ë®£¬¿°³ÆÈ˼äÌìÌ㬽ö½ö´Ó¾°É«À´¿´£¬ÄÇÀﻹҪʤ³ö´óÇØÓ泡һ³ï¡£
²¼Â³Ò®¶ÔÈø¶ûÍ߶à½éÉÜ˵µ±µØÓ¨±ÌµÄº£Ë®ÖÐÊ¢²úºÚµû±´£¬ºÚµû±´µÄ¿ÇÀï³ö²úÒ»ÖÖº±¼ûÖ®±¦£ººÚÕäÖé¡£
´Ó´Ë£¬ºÚÕäÖé×÷ΪÉݳÞÆ·Ö鱦Êг¡ÖеĽ¾×Ó¿ªÊ¼ÂýÂýո¶ͷ½Ç¡£
ÄÇʱºòºÚÕäÖ黹ûÓÐʲôÊг¡£¬ÂòµÄÈËÒ²²»¶à¡£µ«ÊDz¼Â³Ò®Ëµ·þÁËÈø¶ûÍ߶àºÏ»ï¿ª·¢ÕâÒ»²úÆ·£¬ºÏ×÷²É¼¯ºÚÕäÖéµ½ÊÀ½çÊг¡ÉÏÏúÊÛ¡£
µ«ÊÇÈø¶ûÍ߶àÊ×Õ½²»Àû£ºÕäÖéµÄÉ«Ô󲻼ѣ¬ÓÖ»ÒÓÖ°µ£¬´óСҲ²»ÐУ¬¾ÍÏñÔçÆÚ»ðǹʹÓõÄСµ¯Í裬ÈËÃÇÏ°¹ßÁ˽à°×µÄ°×ÕäÖ飬¶ÔÕâÖÖºÚɫСÖé×ÓºÃÎÞÐËȤ¡£ÕâÑùÈø¶ûÍ߶àÁ¬Ò»¿Å¶¼Ã»Âôµô£»ÎÞ¹¦¶ø·µ£¬»Øµ½Á˲¨ÀûÄáÎ÷ÑÇ¡£
ÊÂÇéµ½ÁËÕâÖֵز½£¬°¢ÈøÍ߶౾¿ÉÒÔ·ÅÆúºÚÕäÖ飬°Ñ¿â´æµÍ¼ÛÂô¸øÕÛ¿ÛÉ̵꣬»òÕß´îÅäÉÏһЩ°×ÕäÖé×öÊ×ÊΣ¬ÍÆÏú³öÈ¥¡£µ«Èø¶ûÍ߶ಢûÕâÑù×ö£¬ËûÓÖµÈÁËÒ»Äê¡£
ËûÃÇŬÁ¦¸ÄÁ¼³öһЩÉϺõÄÆ·ÖÖ£¬È»ºó´ø×ÅÑùÆ·È¥¼ûÒ»¸öÀÏÅóÓÑ£¬¹þÀû¡ÎÂ˹¶Ù£¬Ò»Î»¾ßÓд«ÆæÉ«²ÊµÄ±¦Ê¯ÉÌÈË¡£ÎÂ˹¶ÙͬÒâ°ÑÕâЩÕäÖé·Åµ½ËûµÚÎå´óµÀµÄµêÆ̳÷´°Àïչʾ£¬±êÉÏÁîÈËÄÑÒÔÖÃÐŵĸ߼ۡ£
ͬʱ£¬Èø¶ûÍ߶àÔÚÊý¼ÒÓ°ÏìÁ¦¹ã·º¡¢Ó¡Ë¢»ªÀöµÄÔÓÖ¾ÉÏÁ¬ÐøµÇÔØÁËÕû°æµÄ¹ã¸æ¡£¹ã¸æÀï¡£Ò»´®ËþÏ£ÌáºÚÕäÖ飬ÔÚ×êʯ¡¢ºì±¦Ê¯¡¢Â̱¦Ê¯µÄÓ³³ÄÏ¡£ìÚìÚÉú»Ô¡£
²»¾ÃÇ°»¹º¬ÔÚÒ»´Ø´ØºÚ±ßĵòÿÇÀµõÔÚ²¨ÀûÄáÎ÷ÑǺ£Ë®ÖеÄÉþ×ÓÉÏ¡£¡°ÑøÔÚÉÈËδʶ¡±µÄÕäÖ飬Èç½ñÀ´µ½ÁËŦԼ³Ç£¬»·ÈÆÔÚ×îµ±ºìµÄ¸è¾çÅ®Ã÷Ðǵķ۾±ÉÏ£¬ÔÚÂü¹þ¶ÙÕÐÒ¡¹ýÊС£ÕâÑù£¬ÔÀ´²»Öª¼ÛÖµ¼¸ºÎµÄ¶«Î÷£¬ÖÕÓÚ±»Èø¶ûÍ߶àÅõ³ÉÁËÏ¡ÊÀÕ䱦¡£
µ«ÊÇÔÚÎÄÉÌØ¿´À´£¬ºÚÕäÖéµÄ¼ÛÖµ²»½öÓÚ´Ë£¬ËæןÚÉ«ÉñÃØÎÄ»¯ÔÚÊÀ½çÉÏÖð½¥ÉýΣ¬ºÚÕäÖéµÄ¼ÛÖµÒѾԶʤ°×ÕäÖ顢Сʤ½ðÕäÖ顣ϲ»¶ËüÃǵÄÈËÔÚÔ½À´Ô½¶à£¬ÕâÑùÏÔʾËüÃǵļÛÖµÒ²¸ÃÔ½À´Ô½´ó¡£
Èç¹û³´×÷һϣ¬ÎÄÉÌؾõµÃºÚÕäÖéµÄ¼Û¸ñ»¹ÓкܴóµÄÌáÉý¿Õ¼ä£¬ÕâÑùËû¾ÍÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÏë·¨¡£
¡°Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÂòÏÂÄãµÄÕäÖ飬ÇØ£¬ÎÒÊÇ˵ÕâÀïËùÓеÄÕäÖ飬Äã¾õµÃÔõôÑù£¿¡±ÎÄÉÌØÎʵÀ¡£
ÇØʱŸÁ³É϶³öЦÈÝ£¬ÎÄÉÌØÉϹ³ÁË£¬ËûµÄµÚ¶þ¸öÏë·¨¾ÍÐèÒªËûÕâÑùÏë¡£µ«Ëû²»Äܽ«µ×ÅÆ·¿ª£¬¶øÊÇÒ¡Í·µÀ£º¡°²»£¬µÙܽÄáÏÈÉú£¬ÄãÖªµÀºÚÕäÖéºÍºÚÕäÖéÈ«Ì×Ê×ÊÎÖ®¼äµÄ¼ÛÖµ²î¾à¡£¶Ô°É£¿Êµ²»ÏàÂ÷£¬ÎÒºÍÀûÊÏÅÄÂôÐеIJ¼À³¿Ë¼Ò×å¹ØϵÃÜÇУ¬Ö»ÒªÄõ½Ê×ÊΡ£ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ¾Ù°ìÒ»¸öרÌâÅÄÂô»á£¬ÄÇÄÜ»ñÈ¡µÄÀûÈó¸ü¶à¡£¡±
ÎÄÉÌصÀ£º¡°µ«ÊÇÕâÑù¶ÔÎÒÃDz»¹»¹«Æ½¡£²»ÊÇÂð£¿Ä㽫ÕâÑùµÄÈ«Ì×Ê×ÊÎÍƳö£¬ÎÒÃǵĺÚÕäÖé¼ÛÖµ»áϽµ¡£¶øÇÒ¡£ÎÒÊÇÉݳÞÆ·ÉÌÈË£¬ÎÒÊÇÖ鱦Éè¼Æʦ£¬Ä㽫Á½Ç§¿ÅºÚÕäÖéչ¶¸øÎÒ£¬½á¹ûÓÖ¸æËßÎÒËüÃDz»¿ÉÄÜÊôÓÚÎÒ£¬ÄÇÌ«É˺¦ÎÒÁË£¡¡±
ÇØʱŸ×øÏ£¬ÓÃÊÖËæÒâµÄ¸§ÃþÕâЩºÚÕäÖ飬ÀöܽºÍ¿¨Èû¶û½ôÕŵĿ´×ÅÕâЩÕäÖ飬ÉúÅÂËûÒ»²»Ð¡ÐĽ«ÕäÖéɨÂäÔڵأ¬ÄÇÑùÌ«Òź¶ÁË¡£ÎÄÉÌØÔòÔÚ¿´×ÅËûµÄ±íÇ飬ϣÍûÄܹ»ÄÃÏÂÕâÁ½Ç§Ã¶ºÚÕäÖé¡£
¼Ùװ˼¿¼ÁËÒ»»á£¬ÇØ´ó¹ÙÈËÑÏËàÎʵÀ£º¡°ÄãÏëÂòÏÂÕâЩºÚÕäÖ飿ËùÓеģ¬³¬¹ýÁ½Ç§¿Å£¿¡±
ÎÄÉÌصãÍ·µÀ£º¡°Êǵģ¬¶øÇÒÎÒ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏÖ½ðÖ§¸¶£¡¡±
ÇØʱŸװ×÷ºÜ¾À½áµÄÖåÆðüͷ£¬Ëû¿¼ÂÇÁËÒ»»áÎʵÀ£º¡°ÄÇô˵ʵ»°°É£¬µÙܽÄáÏÈÉú£¬ÄãÔ¸Ò⸶³ö¶àÉÙÇ®£¿¡±
ÎÄÉÌØ˵µÀ£º¡°ÕâÐèÒªÎÒµÄÍŶӶÔÕäÖéÖʵؽøÐп¼ºËºÍÆÀ¼¶£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÐרҵµÄ¹À¼ÛÍŶӡ¡¡±
ÇØʱŸ°Ú°ÚÊÖµÀ£º¡°¼ÙÈ磬ÕâЩºÚÕäÖéµÄÖʵغ͸ղųöÊÛ¸øÄãµÄÒ»Ñù³öÉ«£¬ÄãÏȸøÎÒ¸ö¹À¼Û£¬´ó¸ÅÔ¸Ò⸶³ö¶àÉÙÇ®£¿¡±
ÕâÑùÂÖµ½ÎÄÉÌØÀ´¿¼ÂÇÁË£¬Ëû¶ÔÀöܽºÍ¿¨Èû¶ûʹÁ˸öÑÛÉ«£¬Á½ÈËÀ뿪£¬Ö»ÁôÏÂËûºÍÇØʱŸ£¬Á½Ç§¶à¿ÅµÄºÚÕäÖ飬ÕâÊÇÓйصÙܽÄáδÀ´·¢Õ¹Õ½ÂÔµÄÎÊÌ⣬ºÜ¶àÐÅÏ¢ÐèÒª±£ÃÜÁË¡£
¡°ÖÁÉÙÒ»ÒÚËÄǧÍòÃÀ½ð£¡¡±ÎÄÉÌØÔÚÐÄÀï¼ÆËãÁËÒ»»áÖ®ºó˵µÀ¡£
ÇØʱŸЦÁËÆðÀ´£¬ËµµÀ£º¡°Äã¾õµÃ°µÒ¹Å®»Ê¼ÛÖµ¶àÉÙ£¿¶øÄÇʹÓõĺÚÕäÖéºÍÎÒÊÖÀïÓµÓеĿÉû°ì·¨±ÈÄ⣬ÎÒÏÖÔÚÄÜÖÆ×÷³öÊ®Ì×°µÒ¹Å®»Ê¡¢ÇçÌìÅ®»ÊÉõÖÁÐǼÊÅ®»Ê£¡¡±
¡°ºÃ°É£¬ÄÇÄãÏ£ÍûÎÒ³öʲôÑùµÄ¼Û¸ñ£¿¡±ÎÄÉÌØ̾ÆøÎʵÀ¡£
¡°ÎÒ²»Òª¼Û¸ñ£¬ÎÒÒªÒÔÕâЩºÚÕäÖéµÄ×îÖÕ¼ÛÖµÀ´Èë¹ÉµÙܽÄᣡ¡±ÇØʱŸ˵³öÁËËûÕæÕýµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£
Êǵģ¬Èë¹ÉµÙܽÄᣬËûÒª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÅÓ´óµÄÉݳÞÆ·µÛ¹ú£¬ÄÄÅÂÖ»ÊÇ·ÖÏíµ½Õâ¸öµÛ¹úµÄһСƬ½®ÍÁ£¬ÄÇÒ²±È½«ºÚÕäÖéÂôµô»»Ç®¸üºÃ¡£µÙܽÄáÊÇÒ»Ö»»áϽ𵰵ļ¦£¬ÇØʱŸҪÂòÕâÖ»¼¦µÄÓµÓÐȨ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇһöÁ½Ã¶½ðµ°¡£
Ëæןڵû±´µÄÃÍÔö£¬¼ÓÉÏËûÓµÓеĺ£µ×¾Þ´óºìɺº÷£¬ÄÇËûÊÖÀïµÄ±¦Ê¯Ì«¶àÁË¡£Èç¹ûÖ»ÊÇÓÃÀ´ÂôÇ®£¬ÄÇËûÒÔºó׬µ½µÄÇ®»áÔ½À´Ô½ÉÙ£¬ÒòΪËûÄÜͶ³öµÄºìɺº÷ºÍºÚÕäÖéÌ«¶à£¬»á³å»÷Êг¡¼Û¸ñ¡£
ÎïÒÔϡΪ¹ó£¬µ±ËüÃDz»ÔÙÏ¡ÉÙµÄʱºò£¬ËüÃÇÒ²¾Í²»ÖµÇ®ÁË¡£
ËùÒÔ£¬½«ÕâЩ±¦Ê¯×ª»¯ÎªÉݳÞÆ·Ö鱦²ÅÄÜ´´Ôì×î´óÀûÒ棬¶øÈÃËû×Ô¼ºÀ´¸ãÒ»¼ÒÖ鱦µêÄÇÊDz»¿¿Æ׵ģ¬Ö鱦ÕâÀණÎ÷ÐèÒªÀúÊ·µ×Ô̵ģ¬ÕâÑùËû¾ÍÏëÒªÒÔ´ËÈë¹ÉµÙܽÄá¡£
ÌýÁËËûµÄ»°£¬ÎÄÉÌØÏÅÁËÒ»Ìø£¬ÄÑÒÔÖÃÐŵÄÎʵÀ£º¡°ÄãÒª½öƾÕâЩºÚÕäÖéÈë¹ÉÎҵĵ۹ú£¿½ö½öÊÇһЩºÚÕäÖ飿¡±
ÇØʱŸËÊËʼçµÀ£º