°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
Ç×Ô±£µÄÄÜÁ¦Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÓеġ£¡±
ÇàÇðÃî¶ù»¹ÓÐÇàÇðÁ¯¶ùÁ½Å®µÄ»°ÌýÔÚÇàÇðÍõåú»¹ÓÐÈý볤ÀϵĶúÖÐÈÃËýÃdz¹µ×µÄ·ÅÐÄÏÂÀ´£»Óɲ»µÃËýÃDz»½ôÕÅ£»±Ï¾¹ËýÃÇËù×÷³öµÄÈκξö¶¨¶¼Äܹ»¾ö¶¨ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöµÄÐËË¥£»Èç¹û˵ËýÃÇ×ö´íÁËÑ¡ÔñµÄ»°£»¿ÖÅÂÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»Âö´Ó´Ë¾ÍÓи²ÃðµÄΣ»ú¡£
À×ÅÇàÇðÃî¶ù»¹ÓÐÇàÇðÁ¯¶ùÁ½ÈË£»ÇàÇðÍõåúѯÎÊÁËÒ»·¬¹ØÓÚÆëÌ츮µÄÇé¿ö£»±Ï¾¹½«À´ÒªÍбÓÔÚÆëÌ츮֮Ï£»¶ÔÓÚÆëÌ츮¶àÁ˽âһЩÖÕ¹éÊÇûÓлµ´¦µÄ¡£
´ÓÇàÇðÃî¶ù»¹ÓÐÇàÇðÁ¯¶ùÁ½Å®µÄ¿ÚÖлñÖªÁ˲»ÉÙ¹ØÓÚÆëÌ츮µÄÇé¿ö£»ÔÚÇàÇðÍõåú»¹ÓÐÈý볤ÀϵÄÐÄÖÐËãÊǶÔÓÚÆëÌ츮ÓÐÁËÒ»¸ö´ó¸ÅµÄÁ˽⣻ÓÐÁËÕâЩÁ˽⣻¶ÔÓÚËýÃÇÈçͬͬÆëÌ츮Ïà´¦¿ÉÊÇÓÐ׿«´óµÄºÃ´¦µÄ¡£
ÓÈÆäÊÇ´ÓÇàÇðÁ¯¶ù¿ÚÖеÃÖªÆëÌ츮֮Öо¹È»ÓÐÈýÃûµÀ×æÖн׵ÄÇ¿´ó´æÔÚ£»ÇàÇðÍõåú»¹ÓÐÈý볤ÀÏÄÇ¿ÉÊÇÎޱȵijԾªµÄ¡£
ÒªÖªµÀ¾ÍËãÊÇËýÃÇÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÓµÓÐÈýÃûµÀ×æÇ¿Õߣ»µ«ÊÇҲûÓÐÒ»ÈË´ïµ½µÀ×æÖн׵ĴæÔÚ£»ÔÚºé»Ä´óÊÀ½çµ±ÖУ»µÀ×æÇ¿Õß˵¶à²»¶à£»¿ÉÊÇ˵ÉٵĻ°Ò²Ò»µã¶¼²»ÉÙ£»Ö»²»¹ýÒ»µ©ÊµÁ¦´ïµ½µÀ×æÖнף»ÄǾø¶ÔÊÇÏ൱ϡÉٵģ»Èç¹û˵һ°ãµÄµÀ×æÇ¿ÕßÊÇÒ»°ÙµÄ»°£»ÄÇôµÀ×æÖн׵ÄÇ¿ÕßÅÂÊDz»»á³¬¹ýÊ®£»Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ʮÃûµÀ×æÇ¿Õßµ±Öж¼Î´±ØÄܹ»ÓÐÒ»ÃûµÀ×æÖн×Ç¿ÕߵĴæÔÚ£»ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öµÀ×æÖн׵ÄÇ¿ÕßÄÇÊǺεȵÄÏ¡ÉÙ£»ÖÁÓÚµÀ×æ¸ß½×µÄ´æÔÚ£»Õû¸öºé»Ä´óÊÀ½çҲδ±ØÄܹ»Ñ°³öÊ®¼¸¶þÊ®ÈËÀ´£»µ±È»¸üΪǿ´óµÄ´æÔڲ¶àÒ²¾ÍÊÇÈýÇåµÀ×æ¡¢Î÷·½½Ì¶þ×æÒÔ¼°æ´»ÊÕâЩ´æÔÚÁË¡£
µ«ÊÇÆëÌ츮·¢Õ¹¼«¿ì£»¿ÉÊÇÂÛ¼°µ×Ô̵Ļ°ÄÄÅÂÊDZÈÆðºé»Ä´óÊÀ½çµ±ÖеÄÐí¶àÊÆÁ¦¶¼ÓÐËù²»È磻µ«ÊÇÆëÌ츮¾¹È»ÓÐÈýλµÀ×æÖн׵ĴæÔÚ£»ÈçºÎ²»ÈÃÇàÇðÍõåúËýÃÇΪ֮³Ô¾ªÄØ¡£
¸üÈÃÇàÇðÍõåú¼¸È˳ԾªµÄÔòÊÇÕâÈýÃûµÀ×æÖн׵ÄÇ¿Õßµ±Öо¹È»¾ÍÓÐÕÔ˶£»¶ÔÓÚÕÔ˶ÇàÇðÍõåú×ÔÈ»Ï൱µÄÊìϤ£»±Ï¾¹ÕÔ˶Ôø¾¼¸´Îµ½¹ýËýÃÇÇàÇðɽ£»ÒªËµÕÔ˶µÄʵÁ¦µÄ»°ÄÇʱҲ²¢²»ÊÇÌ«Ç¿£»Ö®ËùÒÔ½«ÇàÇðÁ¯¶ù¼Þ¸øÕÔ˶Ëù¿´ÖصÄÕýÊÇÕÔ˶µÄDZÁ¦£»±Ï¾¹ÄǸöʱºòÕÔ˶µÄʵÁ¦ÉõÖÁÁ¬ÇàÇðÃî¶ù¶¼±È²»ÉÏ¡£
µ«ÊÇÈç½ñÕÔ˶µÄʵÁ¦¾¹È»ÊÇÒ»·ÉǧÀã¶ÊÇ´ïµ½Á˵À×æÖнף»Õâ¿ÉÊÇ´ó´óµÄ³öºõÇàÇðÍõåúËýÃǵÄÒâÁÏ¡£
ÇàÇðÍõåú¸Ð¿®µÀ£º¡°ÕæÊÇÏë²»µ½°¡£»ÎôÈÕÕÔ˶µÄÐÞΪ¾¹È»·ÉÕÇÖÁ´Ë£»±¾ÒÔΪÄܹ»³ÉΪµÀ×æÇ¿ÕßÒѾÊÇÎޱȵÄÄæÌìÁË£»µ«ÊÇÔõô¶¼Ã»ÓÐÏëµ½¾¹È»´ïµ½Á˵À×æÖнף»ÊµÔÚÊÇÌ«ÈÃÈËÄÑÒÔÖÃÐÅÁË£»Õæ²»ÖªµÀÕÔ˶½«À´»á´ïµ½Ê²Ã´ÑùµÄ¸ß¶È¡£¡±
Èý볤Àϵ±ÖеÄÒ»ÈËÇáЦÁËÒ»ÉùµÀ£º¡°ÏÖÔÚ¾ÍËãÊÇÓÐÈ˸æËßÎÒ½«À´ÕÔ˶¿Ï¶¨»á³ÉΪÈýÇåµÀ×æÄÇ°ãµÄÇ¿´ó´æÔÚÎÒÒ²²»»á¾õµÃ¾ªÑÈÁË¡£¡±
ÇàÇðÃî¶ùÎÅÑÔ²»½ûЦ×ŵÀ£º¡°·ÉÔ³¤ÀÏ£»ºÎÖ¹ÊÇÄãÕâôÏë°¡£»ÔÚÆëÌ츮µ±ÖУ»¿ÖžųɾŵÄÈ˶¼ÊÇÕâôÈÏΪµÄ£»ÔÚËûÃÇÐÄÖУ»ÈôÊÇ·ò¾ýµÄʵÁ¦Ê²Ã´Ê±ºòÌáÉýµÄËÙ¶ÈÂýÏÂÀ´µÄ»°ÄDzŲ»Õý³£ÄØ¡±
Ìýµ½ÇàÇðÃî¶ùÕâô»áËù£»¼¸ÈËÏÈÊÇã¶ÁËһϣ»¼Ì¶ø·´Ó¦¹ýÀ´£»ÇàÇðÍõåúЦÁËЦµÀ£º¡°Ï£ÍûÕÔ˶½«À´Äܹ»Ô½À´Ô½Ç¿´ó°É£»Èç´ËÒ»À´ÎÒÃÇÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÒ²¾ÍÓÐÁ˱£ÕÏ£»¾ÍÊDz»ÖªµÀÕâÒ»´Î活ʶÔÓÚÎÒÃǵÄ×öΪ»áÊÇʲôÑùµÄ·´Ó¦£»ÍòÒ»¡¡¡±
˵×ÅÇàÇðÍõåúÁ³É϶³ö¼¸·Öµ£ÓǵÄÉñÉ«£»ÏÔÈ»ÊÇÔÚµ£ÐÄæ´»ÊÒ»µ¢Å£»ÄÄÅÂÊÇÆëÌ츮Ҳδ±ØÄܹ»±£È«ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»Âö¡£
²»¹ýÇàÇðÃî¶ù½¿ºßÒ»ÉùµÀ£º¡°ÄïÇ×·ÅÐÄ£»¼ÈÈ»ÎÒÃÇÒªÍбÓÔÚÆëÌ츮֮Ï£»ÄÇôµ½Ê±ºò¼´±ãÊÇæ´»ÊÇ×ÁÙÉýÁúɽÎÊ××ÔÈ»»áÓзò¾ý³öÃ棻±ãÊÇæ´»ÊÒ²ÐÝÏëÈ÷ò¾ý½»³öÎÒÃÇÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöµÄ×åÈË¡£¡±
ÇàÇðÍõåúÈÔÈ»ÊÇÓÐЩµ£ÐĵĵÀ£º¡°¿ÉÊÇÆëÌ츮ÒѾµÃ×ïÁËÎ÷·½½Ì£»ÈôÊÇÔÙµÃ×ïÑý½ÌµÄ»°£»Ö»Å½«À´»áÃæÁÙ¸ü´óµÄѹÁ¦°¡¡£¡±
ÇàÇðÃî¶ù²»½ûЦÁËÆðÀ´µÀ£º¡°¶ÔÓÚÕâÒ»µãÄïÇ×´ó¿É·ÅÐľÍÊÇÁË£»·ò¾ýËû»¹ÕæµÄûÓÐŹýËÄØ£»¼ÈÈ»ÒѾµÃ×ïÁËÎ÷·½½Ì£»ÄÇôÔÙ¶àÒ»¸öÑý½ÌҲûÓÐʲô£»ÕýËùνծ¶àÁ˲»³î£»Ö»Òª½«À´×ÔÉí×㹻ǿ´ó£»ÄÄÅÂÊÇÕÐÈÇÔÙ¶àµÄÈËҲûÓÐʲôºÃµ£Ðĵġ£¡±
²»µÃ²»Ëµ¾¹ýÇàÇðÃî¶ùµÄÒ»·¬°²Î¿£»ÇàÇðÍõåúËýÃǵ¹ÊDz»ÔÙÄÇôµÄµ£ÐÄÁË£»²»¹ýÈô˵Êdz¹µ×µÄ·ÅϵĻ°×ÔÈ»ÊDz»¿ÉÄܵģ»±Ï¾¹ÇàÇðÃî¶ùÊÇÇàÇðÃî¶ù£»ËýÒ²ÎÞ·¨ÍêÈ«´ú±íÕÔ˶£»³ý·ÇÊÇÕÔ˶ÏòËýÃÇÕâô±£Ö¤£»²»È»µÄ»°£»ÇàÇðÍõåúËýÃÇÖÕ¾¿ÊÇÄÑÒÔ·ÅÐÄÏÂÀ´¡£
ÇàÇðÃî¶ù»¹ÓÐÇàÇðÁ¯¶ù×ÔȻҲ¿´³öÕâÒ»µã£»ËýÃÇÐÄÖÐÒ²Çå³þÓÐа³ö×ÔËýÃǵĿںͳö×ÔÕÔ˶¿ÚÖУ»ÒâÒå´ó´ó²»Í¬£»ËùÒÔҲûÓжà˵ʲô¡£
ʱ¼ä¹ýµÄ·É¿ì£»Ò»¸öʱ³½µÄʱ¼ä¶øÒÑ£»Ò»Õ£Ñ۵Ŧ·ò¾Í¹ýÈ¥ÁË£»Õâ¸öʱºòÇàÇðɽһÂöµÄÈËÒѾÊÇͳͳÊÕÊ°ºÃÁ˸÷×ÔµÄÐÐ×°¡£
Ò»ÖÚÈËÂíºÚѹѹµÄһƬ¾ÍºÃÏñÊÇһƬºÚÔÆÒ»°ãÁýÕÖ×ÅÕû¸öÇàÇðɽ£»±ð¿´ÎÞÊýÄêÀ´ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»Âö¶¼ÊÇÊܵ½Ñ¹ÖÆ£»µ«ÊÇÕâ¿ÉÊÇÒ»¸ö×åȺ£»ÄÄÅÂÊÇÔÙÔõôµÄË¥ÂäÄÇÒ²ÊÇÔø¾Ï൱ÐËÊ¢µÄ×åȺ£»Èç½ñÂú×åÉÏϼÓÆðÀ´²î²»¶àÓÐÊýÊ®ÒÚÖ®¶àµÄÈËÂí£»Èç´ËÖ®¶àµÄÈËÂí»ã¾ÛÔÚÒ»Æ𣻿ÉÒÔÏëÏó³öÕâÊǺεȵľ°Ïó¡£
Ò»ÉùÁîÏ£»ÕâôһƬºÚÔƱãÏò×ÅÉýÁúɽµÄ·½Ïò·ÉÈ¥£»Èç´Ë´óµÄ³¡Ãæ×ÔÈ»ÊÇÒýÆðÁËÐí¶àÊÆÁ¦µÄ¹Ø×¢£»µ«ÊÇ´ÓÇàÇðɽµ½ÉýÁúɽ֮¼äËäÈ»Ïà¾àÏ൱Զ£»¿ÉÊÇÔÚÕâÆä¼ä²¢Ã»ÓÐÌرðÇ¿´óµÄÊÆÁ¦´æÔÚ£»¾ÍËãÊÇÓÐЩÊÆÁ¦µÄʵÁ¦Òª±ÈÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÇ¿´óһЩ£»µ«ÊÇÒ²ÊÇÇ¿µÄÓÐÏÞ£»Ãæ¶ÔÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÈ«×åǨá㣻¿ÉÊÇûÓÐÒ»¸öÊÆÁ¦¸Ò³öÀ´×èÀ¹»òÕßÉú³öÆäËûµÄÐÄ˼À´¡£
µÚÒ»¸ü£»Óл¨ÔÒ»¨¡£
¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
£º22£º54£º27
t
£¨ÎÞµ¯´°£©s£¨£©
µÚ1763ÕÂÉÏÏÂÕ𾪡¾¶þ¸üÇ󻨡¿
µÚ1763ÕÂÉÏÏÂÕ𾪡¾¶þ¸üÇ󻨡¿
Ò»ÉùÁîÏ£»ÕâôһƬºÚÔƱãÏò×ÅÉýÁúɽµÄ·½Ïò·ÉÈ¥£»Èç´Ë´óµÄ³¡Ãæ×ÔÈ»ÊÇÒýÆðÁËÐí¶àÊÆÁ¦µÄ¹Ø×¢£»µ«ÊÇ´ÓÇàÇðɽµ½ÉýÁúɽ֮¼äËäÈ»Ïà¾àÏ൱Զ£»¿ÉÊÇÔÚÕâÆä¼ä²¢Ã»ÓÐÌرðÇ¿´óµÄÊÆÁ¦´æÔÚ£»¾ÍËãÊÇÓÐЩÊÆÁ¦µÄʵÁ¦Òª±ÈÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÇ¿´óһЩ£»µ«ÊÇÒ²ÊÇÇ¿µÄÓÐÏÞ£»Ãæ¶ÔÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÈ«×åǨá㣻¿ÉÊÇûÓÐÒ»¸öÊÆÁ¦¸Ò³öÀ´×èÀ¹»òÕßÉú³öÆäËûµÄÐÄ˼À´¡£
±Ï¾¹Ò»¸ö¸ã²»ºÃµÄ»°¾ÍÊÇÁ½°Ü¾ãÉ˵Ľá¾Ö£»Ë¶¼²»ÊÇɵ×ÓËùÒÔ˵Õâһ·֮Éϵ¹ÊÇÏ൱µÄƽ¾²Ë³Àû¡£
Ì«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½ÈËÒѾÏÈÒ»²½¸Ï»ØÉýÁúɽ»ã±¨ÏûϢȥÁË£»±Ï¾¹ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÈ«×åÀ´¹éÕâô´óµÄÊÂÇé¶ÔÓÚÆëÌ츮À´ËµÒ²ÊǾßÓм«´óµÄÒâÒåµÄ£»ÏàÐÅÒ»µ©ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÍбÓÓÚÆëÌ츮֮ϵÄÏûÏ¢´«¿ªµÄ»°£»ÄÇôÆëÌ츮µÄÉùÍû¿Ï¶¨»á±©ÕÇ£»ÄǸöʱºò½«»áÓиü¶àµÄÇ¿ÕßͶ±¼ÆëÌ츮£»ËùÒÔ˵ÆëÌ츮¶ÔÓÚÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöµÄ¹é¸½¾ø¶ÔÊÇÎޱȵÄÖØÊÓ¡£
ÈôÊDz»È»µÄ»°ÕÔ˶Ҳ²»¿ÉÄÜÅɳöÌ«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾ËûÃÇÇ××Ô¸úËæÇàÇðÃî¶ù»¹ÓÐÇàÇðÁ¯¶ùÇ°ÍùÇàÇðɽ£»Ò»·½ÃæÊÇΪÁ˱£»¤Á½Å®£»ÁíÍâÒ»·½Ãæ¾ÍÊÇÏ£Íûµ½Ê±ºò¿ÉÒÔÌáÇ°»ñÖªÏûÏ¢ºÃ×öºÃ×¼±¸¡£
Ì«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½È˵ÄËٶȼ«¿ì£»Ò»Â·Ö®Éϼ¸ºõ¶¼ÔڸϷ£»¼¸ºõÊÇ¿ìÁËÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»Âö°ëÌìµÄ·³Ì¸Ï»ØÁËÆëÌ츮¡£
ÒÔÌ«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½ÈËÔÚÆëÌ츮֮ÖеĵØλ×ÔÈ»ÊǸ߸ßÔÚÉϵģ»ÒÔËûÃǵÄÉí·ÝÏëÒª¼ûÕÔ˶µ±È»ÊÇûÓÐ˸Ò×èÀ¹£»ËùÒÔ˵¶þÈËÇáÒ׵ľͼûµ½ÁËÕÔ˶¡£
±¾À´²»³öÒâÍâµÄ»°ÕÔ˶ÊÇÒª±Õ¹ØµÄ£»µ«ÊÇΪÁ˵ȴý¹ØÓÚÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöµÄÏûÏ¢£»ÕÔ˶¾ÍûÓбչأ»Èç½ñÕýÅã×Å°×ÝóÝçÖîÅ®¡£
ÔºÂäµ±ÖУ»Ì«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½ÈË×øÔÚÕÔ˶µÄ¶ÔÃ棻ÕÔ˶һֻÊÖ´îÔÚÃæÇ°µÄʯ×ÀÖ®ÉÏÇáÇáµÄÇû÷×Å£»Ìý×ÅÌ«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½È˵ÄÐðÊö£»µ±´ÓÌ«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½ÈË¿ÚÖеÃÖªÑý½ÌÅɳöʹÕßÒªÕÙ»ØÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöµÄʱºò£»ÕÔ˶Çû÷ʯ×ÀµÄÊÖ΢΢һ¶Ù£»²»¹ý˲¼ä»Ö¸´Õý³£¡£
²»¹ýÌýµ½Ì«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½ÈË´òÍËÁËÄÇÇàȸʹÕßµÄʱºò£»ÕÔ˶²»ÓɵÄüͷһÌô£»²»¹ýÈ´ÊÇʲô¶¼Ã»ÓÐ˵£»¾²¾²µÄÌýÍêÁ˹ØÓÚÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöµÄÊÂÇé¡£
Ì«Ñô×ðÕß·ò¸¾Á½ÈËÆðÉíÏò×ÅÕÔ˶µÀ£º¡°Ç븮Ö÷Ô𷣡£¡±
ÕÔ˶̧ͷÏò×ÅÁ½ÈËÇáЦһÉùµÀ£º¡°Å¶£»²»ÖªµÀÄãÃÇ×ö´íÁËʲô£»±¾¸®Ö÷ΪºÎÒªÔð·£ÄãÃÇÄØ£¿¡±
Ì«Ñô×ðÕßµÀ£º¡°¸®Ö÷£»ÎÒÃDz»¸ÃÅ´òÁËÑý½ÌµÄʹÕߣ»¶ñÁËͬÑý½ÌÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¡£¡±
ÕÔ˶²»½ûЦÁËÆðÀ´£»¿´×ÅÁ½È˵À£º¡°ÎÒ²»»áÔð·£ÄãÃÇ£»¶øÇÒÄãÃÇ×öµÄҲûÓÐ´í£»ÄãÃǵÄÖ°Ôð¾ÍÊDZ£»¤Ãî¶ùËýÃǵݲΣ£»¾¡¿ÉÄܵÄÕùÈ¡ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»Âö¹é¸½ÎÒÃÇÆëÌ츮£»¼ÈÈ»ÄãÃÇ×öµ½ÁËÕâÒ»µã£»ÄÇôÎÒΪʲôҪÔð·£ÄãÃÇÄØ¡£¡±
¡°¿ÉÊÇ¡¡¡±
ÕÔ˶ҡͷµÀ£º¡°Ã»ÓÐʲô¿ÉÊǵģ»Î޷ǾÍÊÇÄãÃÇ´òÁËÑý½ÌµÄʹÕ߶øÒÑ£»¿ÉÊÇÈç¹ûÄãÃDz»´òÍËÁËÄÇÑý½ÌµÄʹÕߵĻ°£»ÄÇôÃî¶ùËýÃǿ϶¨»áÊܵ½ÆÛ¸º£»ÉõÖÁÁ¬ÇàÇðÁéºüÒ»ÂöÒ²»á±»ÆÈ׏鸽Ñý½Ì£»Õâ¶ÔÎÒÃÇÆëÌ츮À´Ëµ¿ÉÊÇûÓÐÒ»µãµÄºÃ´¦µÄ¡£Ò»µ©´«¿ªµÄ»°£»¶¨È»»áÓÐËðÎÒÃÇÆëÌ츮µÄÉùÓþ¡£¡±
Ì«Ñô×ðÕß³